柯里亞，89歲生日快樂！
Happy 89th birthday, Charles Correa!
查爾斯·柯里亞（1930.09.01-2015.06.16），可能是最廣為人知的印度建築師以及城市理論批判者。
作為印度現代建築設計與城市規劃的先驅，除了在文化與紀念建築設計上的傑出成就，他在平等主義的社會住宅、適應氣候的被動式房屋以及社區空間的創作上作出了更多貢獻。
Charles Correa (1930.09.01-2015.06.16) was arguably the most renowned Indian architect, urban theorist, and critic. As the pioneer of modern architectural design and urban planning, he didn’t only left prominent legacy in terms of designing cultural and monumental architecture, but also contributed to designing equalized social housing, adaptive passive houses, and community spaces.
如同其他在西方接受教育（密歇根大學與麻省理工學院）的建築師，柯里亞早在上世紀五十年代末便將目光投向了印度的社會與經濟現實，而這種主張在現代主義盛行的時期受到了相當多的限制。
將現代風格與地方傳統建築的有機結合成為了柯里亞建築的顯著特色，同時為他贏得了英國皇家建築師學會金獎、阿卡汗建築獎、日本皇室世界文化獎、蓮花賜勳章等。
Similar to other architects who embraced western education, Correa, who went to University of Michigan and later MIT, started to focus on the social and economic reality in India, which was confronted with considerable restrictions as modernism was prevailing in India back then. It became Correa’s character to combine modern styles with local traditions, for which he was awarded with RIBA Gold Medal (1984), Praemium Imperiale Awards (1994), Aga Khan Award (1998), and Padma Vibhushan (2006).
柯里亞的代表作品包括：
索瑪公寓（1966）；
甘城章嘉公寓（1983）；
吉萬·巴拉蒂大樓（1986）；
貝拉坡住宅擴建（1986）；
印度國家手工藝博物館（1990）；
MRF總部（1992）；
印度生命保險中心（1992）；
英國文化委員會印度分部（1992）；
齋浦東爾文化中心（1992）；
伊斯梅利中心（2014）。
C
orrea’s works include: Sonmarg Apartment (1966), Kanchanjunga Apartments (1983); Jeevan Bharati (1986), Incremental Housing at Belapur (1986); National Crafts Museum (1990); MRF Headquarter (1992); L.I.C. Centre (1992); British Council (1992); Jawahar Kala Kendra (1992); Ismaili Centre (2014).
“向天空開放的空間”與炎熱氣候下的自然通風是柯里亞每一次設計的首要考量，使得他的建築對印度當地環境而言更具人性化。
柯里亞對人居環境的關心與他作為社會活動者在城市規劃中的參与密不可分，而同時，他也與1985年被印度總理任命為國家委員會在城市化問題方面的主席。
在他所有類型建築的實踐中，大型挑檐或傘形空間成為了他形式塑造的特色，卻以完全不同的形態出現在他所設計的大量公共機構建築中。
Correa's preoccupation with what he calls "open-to-sky space," a paradigm that, irrespective of its many variations, is still a pervasive theme in his architecture under a dry hot sun. The natural ventilation for who cannot afford air-conditioning would be considered humanized design. Correa’s interest in living environment is inseparable from his active participation in city and urban planning, as he was appointed as Chairman of the National Commission on Urbanization by Prime Minister of India in 1985. Among the various typologies that Correa has entertained during his practice none is more general and partial in its implications than the large oversailing shade roof or parasol which, while it has assumed different forms in different works, is nonetheless always associated with the various bureaucratic institutions that he has designed during the course of his career.
正如肯尼斯·弗蘭姆普敦對查爾斯·柯里亞的概括：
“與同時代中追求形式超脫的后現代實踐不同，柯里亞的設計擁有三個層面，值得被今天學習——第一，日常功能；
第二，新穎形式的呈現；
第三，亞文化的考量。
他自己辯稱，不僅僅
是這三者的互相結合，建築將隨着時間變化下氣候、技術以及社會現象的動態聯繫而不斷演化。
”
As Kenneth Frampton has put it, “In opposition to the stylistic superficiality of Postmodern pastiche, Correa postulates three separate levels at which the environment may be conceptualized and perceived today;'first, as an everyday pragmatic given, second, as a domain where fashionable imagery of one kind or another will inevitably be present and, third, as an all but invisible cultural sub-stratum that rises, from time to time into the architectural unconscious of a particular region. Correa argues that this triadic interplay is further modified by the way architecture evolves over time through the dynamic interaction of climate, technology, and the emerging aspirations of the society.”
查爾斯·柯里亞
Charles Correa
（圖片來源：網絡）
印度國家手工藝博物館
National Crafts Museum
（圖片來源：網絡）
MRF公司總部
MRF Headquarters
（圖片來源：網絡）
吉萬·巴拉蒂大樓
Jeevan Bharati
（圖片來源：網絡）
印度生命保險中心
L.I.C Center
（圖片來源：網絡）
甘城章嘉公寓
Kanchangjunga Apartments
（圖片來源：網絡）
貝拉坡住宅擴建
Incremental Housing at Belapur
（圖片來源：網絡）
英國領事館
British Council
（圖片來源：網絡）
齋浦爾藝術中心
Jawahar Kala Kendra
（圖片來源：網絡）
伊斯梅利中心
Ismaili Centre
（圖片來源：網絡）
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